What do you mean by Judicial Activism?

Judicial activism refers to judges interpreting the law beyond the explicit text or original intent of the constitution or statutes. It involves judges taking an active role in shaping public policy through their interpretation and application of the law. Judicial activism is contrasted with judicial restraint, which emphasizes a more limited role for the judiciary in interpreting and applying the law. Critics of judicial activism argue that it undermines democracy and separation of powers. Supporters of judicial activism argue that it is necessary to ensure that the law adapts to changing social and political circumstances and is a safeguard against government overreach and oppression. While judicial activism is often associated with progressive or liberal outcomes, it can also be associated with conservative outcomes, depending on the values and principles that the judges are advancing.