Neo-Marxism is a theoretical perspective that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a critique of traditional Marxism. One of its key assumptions is the rejection of economic determinism, which holds that economic factors alone determine social relations and change. Instead, neo-Marxists emphasize the role of non-economic factors, such as culture, ideology, and politics, in shaping society. While they still see social class as an important factor, neo-Marxists view it as a more complex and fluid concept than traditional Marxists, recognizing the diversity of experiences and identities within classes. Neo-Marxists also emphasize the role of the state and political institutions in shaping social relations and maintain that social movements and collective action are critical in challenging dominant power structures. Overall, neo-Marxism seeks to integrate Marxist theory with insights from other social theories to develop a more nuanced understanding of social inequality and oppression.
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