The Great Divergence Debate revolves around the profound economic disparities that emerged between Western Europe and other regions, particularly East Asia, starting from the 18th century.
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Scholars have engaged in extensive discussions to understand the causes and factors behind this significant divergence in economic development and living standards. Opinions vary regarding the primary catalysts of Western Europe’s economic growth, with some emphasizing the adoption of scientific, technological, and institutional advancements like the Industrial Revolution. Others argue that pre-existing structural differences and institutions in Europe established the groundwork for this divergence. The debate encompasses multiple factors, including geography, natural resources, culture, colonialism, and political institutions. A comprehensive understanding of the Great Divergence is vital for unraveling the historical trajectory of global economic inequality and development.