Organizational equilibrium refers to a state of balance and stability within an organization, where its various components such as resources, people, culture, and goals are aligned and working in harmony to ensure effective and efficient functioning. Achieving organizational equilibrium requires constant adaptation and adjustment to the internal and external environment. The organization must be able …

What do you mean by Organisational Equilibrium? Read More »

Programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions are two types of decision-making processes that organizations use to solve problems or make choices. Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive decisions made according to a predetermined set of rules or procedures. Such decisions usually arise in response to standardized situations that occur frequently and can be resolved easily by …

What is the difference Programmed and Non-Programmed Decisions? Read More »

New Public Management (NPM) is a conceptual framework that originated in the 1980s as a solution to the perceived inefficiencies of traditional bureaucratic systems of public administration. The framework aimed to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness of the public sector by borrowing private sector management practices. The NPM framework is centered around results-based management, …

Discuss the conceptual framework of New Public Management. Read More »

The Human Relations Approach is a management theory that emphasizes the role of human behavior in organizations. This approach stresses the importance of creating a positive work environment that fosters employee satisfaction and motivation, ultimately leading to improved productivity and overall organizational performance. The Human Relations Approach recognizes that employees are not mere tools, but …

Describe an appraise of Human Relations Approach. Read More »

Henry Fayol was a French mining engineer and management theorist who is known for developing the administrative management approach. Fayol believed that management was a universal process that could be applied in all organizations, and he identified five key functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. One of Fayol’s most significant contributions to …

Briefly discuss the Henry Fayol’s views on Administrative Management Approach. Read More »

Postmodernism, a philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, has challenged the traditional approach of public administration, which emphasizes hierarchy, rationality, and efficiency, and called for a more flexible and decentralized approach. Postmodernism has had a significant impact on public administration, introducing new concepts and perspectives that have contributed to a …

Write a note on postmodern trends in Public Administration. Read More »

Scientific Management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 1900s, is a management theory that is based on the principles of applying scientific methods to management in order to increase productivity and efficiency in the workplace. Taylor believed that by analyzing and breaking down tasks into their component parts, and then standardizing and optimizing …

Discuss the principles and characteristics of Scientific Management. Read More »

The Motivational Cycle is a framework for understanding how individuals are motivated to achieve their goals or satisfy their needs. It consists of four stages: drive, cue, response, and reward. In the first stage, drive, an internal state motivates the individual to take action. The second stage, cue, involves an external stimulus that triggers the …

Motivational Cycle Read More »

Spearman’s Theory of Intelligence suggests that intelligence is a single, overarching ability that can be measured and quantified as “g” or general intelligence. According to Spearman, this general factor is responsible for a person’s cognitive abilities and is related to more specific abilities such as verbal, spatial, and numerical aptitudes. Spearman posited that intelligence is …

Spearman’s Theory of Intelligence Read More »

Flashbulb memory is a type of memory that is triggered by highly emotional or significant events. It is characterized by vivid and detailed memories that individuals often recall with apparent clarity. Examples of such events include major disasters, personal traumatic experiences, and crucial historical events. However, it is essential to acknowledge that flashbulb memories are …

Flashbulb Memory Read More »