Write a short note on Montague-Chelmsford Reforms 1919.

The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 were a set of constitutional changes introduced by the British government, aimed at providing limited self-governance to India. The reforms established the system of “dyarchy” which divided the government’s responsibilities into “transferred” and “reserved” categories. The transferred responsibilities were given to Indian ministers while the reserved responsibilities remained under British control. The reforms also created a bicameral legislature consisting of an elected House of Representatives and an indirectly elected Council of State. Although the reforms fell short of Indian demands for full self-governance, they were an important step towards Indian independence, providing Indians with a taste of political power and creating a political class of leaders who would eventually lead the struggle for independence.