The geological time scale is a system that helps us understand the history of the Earth by organizing it into chronological divisions. The divisions are based on the study of rock layers and fossils and are categorized into eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. Each division is defined by characteristic geological and biological events. The geological time scale is an essential tool for scientists to understand the evolution of life on Earth and the changes that have occurred in the planet’s geologic history. The current time scale divides Earth’s history into four eons, namely, Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. The Phanerozoic eon is separated into three major eras, which are known as the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.
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