The experimental method is a systematic approach used in scientific research to examine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
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It involves manipulating one or more independent variables and observing the effects on a dependent variable while controlling for other factors. Key features of the experimental method include:
- Random assignment: Participants are assigned randomly to different experimental conditions, ensuring that groups are comparable and any observed differences can be attributed to the independent variable.
- Control group: A group that does not receive the experimental treatment, serving as a baseline for comparison with the experimental group(s).
- Variable manipulation: Researchers deliberately alter or manipulate the independent variable(s) to observe their impact on the dependent variable.
- Measurement and observation: Data is collected through surveys, tests, or observations to assess the influence of the independent variable(s) on the dependent variable.
- Replication: The study should be replicated by other researchers to validate the reliability and validity of the findings.