The Early Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most advanced civilizations of its time, emerging around 3300 BCE and lasting until approximately 2600 BCE. During this period, the people of the civilization were primarily farmers who cultivated crops using advanced techniques such as plowing and irrigation. They also had a well-developed trade network, with the ruling class controlling the trade and commerce.
The Early Harappan period was characterized by the emergence of complex societies and urban centers. The impressive architecture, engineering, and public buildings of the period are a testament to the creativity and ingenuity of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization. The cities were characterized by their grid-like street patterns and complex drainage systems that prevented flooding during the monsoon season. The cities also had impressive public buildings, including granaries, baths, and markets.
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One of the major sites of the Early Harappan period is Mehrgarh, located in Balochistan, Pakistan. This site was first discovered in 1974 and has since been extensively excavated. Mehrgarh was occupied from 7000 BCE to 2600 BCE and is one of the earliest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. The site was characterized by its impressive architecture, including a massive citadel and an extensive canal system.
Kot Diji, located in Sindh, Pakistan, is another significant site of the Early Harappan period. This site was occupied from around 2800 BCE to 2600 BCE and is known for its impressive fortification walls, which were built using mud bricks. The site also had a complex drainage system and impressive public buildings, including a granary and a public bath.
The site of Kalibangan, located in Rajasthan, India, is another important site of the Early Harappan period. This site was occupied from around 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE and is known for its impressive city planning and public buildings. The city was built on a grid pattern, and it had a complex drainage system and public buildings such as granaries and a public bath.
The site of Nausharo, located in Balochistan, Pakistan, is another important site of the Early Harappan period. This site was occupied from around 2600 BCE to 2000 BCE and is known for its impressive architecture and public buildings. The site had a complex drainage system, and it also had a large granary and public baths.
The Early Harappan Civilization is a significant chapter in human history, providing valuable insights into the social, economic, and political structures of one of the earliest civilizations in the world. The civilization’s advanced techniques in agriculture, trade, and city planning paved the way for the development of later civilizations. The impressive public buildings, engineering, and architectural techniques of the period continue to amaze and inspire people today, and the major sites of the Early Harappan period remain important archaeological sites for the study of ancient civilizations.