Decentralization refers to the process of transferring authority, power, and decision-making from a central governing body or authority to lower levels of governance, such as regional, local, or community levels.
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The objective of decentralization is to foster greater participation, autonomy, and accountability in decision-making processes.
Decentralization can take different forms, including administrative, fiscal, and political decentralization. Administrative decentralization involves delegating responsibilities and functions to lower levels of government or public agencies. Fiscal decentralization grants financial powers and resources to subnational entities, allowing them to manage their finances independently. Political decentralization focuses on enhancing citizen participation and engagement in governance by empowering local communities.
Decentralization is pursued to enhance local governance, improve public service delivery, and address regional disparities. It promotes innovation, responsiveness, and better alignment of policies with local needs and priorities.