The Western Ghats is a unique and diverse ecological region and is considered one of the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots. The area’s rich and varied topography, such as tropical rainforests, high altitude grasslands, and wetlands, creates a diverse range of habitats, resulting in high levels of endemism and species richness. The Western Ghats is home to over 7,000 plant species, 1,600 animal species, and a large number of endemic species.
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The region is also crucial in terms of water resource management. It has numerous rivers that originate here, serving as a lifeline for millions of people downstream. The Western Ghats has a long history of human habitation and cultivation, resulting in diverse cultural and agricultural practices. However, these practices, along with the exploitation of natural resources, have led to habitat fragmentation and loss of biodiversity.