The jagir system was an important aspect of the Mughal Empire’s governance. Under this system, a jagir, or tract of land, was granted by the emperor to nobles, commanders, or civil servants as a reward for their service. The jagirdars, or grantees, were responsible for collecting revenue from the land and, in return, maintaining a specific number of soldiers for the Mughal army.
The grantees were entitled to a share of the revenue collected from the jagir, which varied according to the size and productivity of the land. They could either personally manage the jagir or appoint a diwan, or revenue collector, to oversee it. The diwan was authorized to collect revenue and maintain law and order within the jagir.
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The jagirdars were also responsible for providing troops to the Mughal army during wartime. The number of troops they had to provide depended on the size of the jagir, and their failure to do so could result in the loss of their jagir.
The jagir system had certain benefits, such as incentivizing jagirdars to increase productivity on their land through improved agricultural practices, irrigation, and promotion of trade and commerce. However, it also had several drawbacks. For example, it could lead to corruption and abuse of power by jagirdars who might demand excessive taxes or forced labor from peasants on their land. Additionally, the system could fragment the Mughal Empire, as powerful jagirdars could amass large territories and ignore the authority of the central government.
In conclusion, the jagir system was a significant feature of the Mughal Empire’s administration. While it helped reward loyal service and ensure the productivity of the land, it also had significant shortcomings, such as corruption, exploitation of peasants, and fragmentation of the empire.